Toxic interaction of glyphosate herbicide and tau-fluvalinate insecticide on pheasant embryos

Toxic interaction of glyphosate herbicide and tau-fluvalinate insecticide on pheasant embryos

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In this study, we investigated the individual and combined toxic effects of a glyphosate-containing herbicide (Amega Up) and a tau-fluvalinate-containing insecticide (Mavrik 24 EW) on pheasant embryos, after immersion treatment of eggs.The emulsions of Amega Up with a concentration of 4.0% (360 g/l glyphosate) and Mavrik 24 EW (240 g/l tau-fluvalinate) with a concentration of 0.05% were used as test materials.The immersion treatment was performed on the first day Faber Cooker Hood Grèxia 330.0543.464 220 - 240 V gres dk bk a60 p1705 of incubation, and the pheasant eggs were processed on day 21 of incubation.

During the necropsy, the following parameters were recorded: body weight, the beak-hoof range, embryonic mortality and type and frequency of macroscopic developmental abnormalities.In the group treated with 4.0% Amega Up emulsion, the body weight values were lower and the beak-hoof range was shorter.The changes were significantly different as compared to the control.As a result of Mavrik 24 EW treatment, embryonic body weight and beak-hoof range decreased and embryonic mortality increased, however, the differences were not significant.

During the study of the combined toxic effect with the test materials, a significant decrease in embryonic body weight and a statistically justified decrease also in the beak-hoof range were observed compared to the control group.The frequency of macroscopic developmental malformations increased to BABY LOTION a statistically justified extent.The combined administration of the test materials increased the embryotoxicity compared to the individual toxicity tests which was presumably manifested as an additive toxic interaction.